who is who

Professor of botany at St. Petersburg, curator of Sloanes Herbarium. Donator of one collection (now housed in the British Museum), was probably added after the publication of the Hortus Cliffortianus . Linnaeus named the genus Ammannia after him L. 1737: 344 en L. 1753:119.> back

Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and president of the Royal Society of London. Purchased the Clifford Herbarium in 1791. He was represented by the botanist Sebald Justinus Brugmans from Leiden at the sale of Clifford’s collections. After his death the collection was donated to the British Museum by his successor, Robert Brown. > back

English botanist, librarian and assistant to Joseph Banks. He obtained the Clifford Herbarium after the death of Banks. Subsequently donated Banks herbarium to the British Museum, where he became Keeper of the Banksian Botanical Collection. > back

Professor of botany and director in the Hortus Botanicus at Leiden. He was intermediary for the sale of the Clifford Herbarium between Clifford’s heirs and Sir Joseph Banks. > back

Son of the previous, and his successor as director of the Amsterdam Botanic Garden and profesoor of Botany. Also used ornamentation in his collections. > back

Owner of ‘de Hartekamp’, banker, and governor of the Dutch East India Company and private plant collector, client of the Hortus Cliffortianus. He employed in 1735-1738 Linnaeus as his physician and private botanist on his estate. Linnaeus ordered and described his impressive collections: Musa Cliffortiana (1736), Viridarium Cliffortianum (1737) en Hortus Cliffortianus (1737).The greater part of the annotations in the collection were made in his own hand. Linnaeus named after him the genus Cliffortiana L. 1737:463, t.30-32, L. 1753:1038, Rosaceae. > back

Oldest son of George Clifford and governor of the West India Company. In 1760 he inherited de Hartekamp, but not his father’s passion for plants. After his death the estate was auctioned on the 2nd June 1788, probably due to financial problems relating to the bankruptcy of the Clifford Bank in 1772. > back

Botanical artist. During a visit which lasted one month to de Hartekamp, he produced virtually all of the illustrations of the Hortus Cliffortianus. He also designed a beautiful schematic review of Linnaeus. Linnaeus’s classification system based on reproductive features. Through this he became an invaluable asset for the rapid dissemination of Linnaeus’s systematic classification. > back

Lector of medicinal plant science at the University of Bologne, later at Pisa and founder of the first botanical garden in the world, at Pisa. From what is known he introduced the use of dried herbarium material for knowledge-sharing. For further details regarding his collections, click here. > back

Son of Johannes de Gorter, professor of botany and director of the botanical garden at Harderwijk. Beginning 1735 Linnaeus stayed in Harderwijk, in preparation of his PhD defense. He defended his thesis for Johannes Gorter, and David and linnaeus became friends; together they made botanical collections near harderwijk. Later, David was the successor of his father as profesoor and as director of the botanical garden. He also used ormanets on his herbariumcollections (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, afd. Leiden). Linnaeus named after him the genus Gorteria L.1759:1229. > back

Swiss physician and botanist, who studied with Boerhaave in Leiden. Professor of mathematics and botany at Bazel,later profesoor of anatomy, chirgery and botany at Göttingen. He used also ornamentations in his collections. He provided alpine plants for the Clifford collection. He was a declared opponent of Linnaeus’s new systematic classification after the publication of his ‘Systema Naturae’ (1735). Haller considered this new system to be unnatural. His handwriting can also be found in the Clifford collections (now housed in the British Museum). > back

Biohistorian from Utrecht University. He published on the history of botany in the 17th and 18th century. Together with Onno Wijnands he undertook research of the Clifford Herbarium. > back

For general information, see links. His role in connection with the Clifford collections can be found here > back

Keeper of the Chelsea Physic Garden. Collected plants from over the world and also described new species. Provided plants and many seeds from South America for the Clifford collection. A number of specimens in the Clifford Herbarium, now in the British Museum, bear annotations written in his hand. Linnaeus named after him the genus Milleria L. 1737:425, L. 1753:919, Asteraceae.> back

Head gardener at de Hartekamp during the same period as Linnaeus. Later, on the recommendation of Linnaeus, became the keeper of the Botanic Garden at Uppsala. > back

Colonel of the infantery in the army of the Republic at Leiden. His natural history cabinet was sold in Amsterdam on the 18th March 1754. Some of these collections were incorporated into the Clifford collections. > back

Director of the Leiden herbarium. Quite possibly the person who gave the Clifford Herbarium to Valckenier Suringar, his son. > back

Professor of botany at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. He designed a clear concept of a plantgenus, based on floral charecteristics and he propagated a classification system based on structure of the petals. Boerhaave and later Linnaeus adopted his genus-concept. Linnaeus named after him the genus Tournefortia L. 1737:48, L. 1753:1038, Rosaceae.> back

Démonstrateur des plantes' at the Jardin des Plantes in Parijs. During the opening of the Jardin on a new location (1717) he held a famous speech, Discours sur la structure des fleurs, in which he demonstates sexuality in plants in analogy with the animal, c.q. human sexuality. Vaillant proposed a classification system based on the amount of stamens and ovaries. Boerhaave published this speech rede in Leiden in 1718. Linnaeus elaborated on Vaillants ideas and incorporated them into his own famous sexual system. He donated a fern to the Clifford collection (now in the British Museum). > back

Professor of botany at Wageningenm quite possibly received the Clifford Herbarium in 1889 as a present from his father, Prof. W.F.R. Suringar, then director of the Leiden herbarium. His handwriting often appears in the part of the Clifford collections now housed at Wageningen. > back

Engraver of plants in the Hortus Cliffortianus,, primarily based on the illustrations of Ehret, but also a number are originals. Made the beautiful ‘frontipiece’ for the Hortus Cliffortianus. > back

Director of the Botanic Garden in Wageningen. As classical botanist, he was very interested in the history of plant sciences. Undertook research, along with J. Heniger, on the Clifford-Herbarium. > back